“你有權保持沉默，但你（nǐ）所（suǒ）說的都將成為呈堂證供”，這是午夜福利视频在港片中經常聽到的阿Sir的標誌性逼格用語。今天我（wǒ）們（men）就追根溯源到真正的米蘭達警告並澄清幾（jǐ）個誤區。
Miranda Warnings
米蘭達警告
Miranda warnings is the right against self-incrimination guarded by the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. It means that a person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be informed, in substance, that:
1.The person has the right to remain silent
2. Anything the person says can be used against them in court
3. The person has the right to presence of an attorney; and
4. If the person cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for them if they so desire.
米蘭（lán）達警告是被憲法第（dì）十五修正（zhèng）案保護的（de）不得自證其罪的（de）權利。具體是指一個人在拘捕後正式（shì）審訊（xùn）前必須被（bèi）告（gào）知的權利，主要內容包括：
1. 你有權保持沉默，但你所說的每一（yī）句話（huà）都可以在法庭上作為指控你的不利證據。
2. 你也有權讓律（lǜ）師在場。
3. 如果你無法負擔一名律師，你（nǐ）希望的話法庭可以為你指定一名律師（shī）。
01
The warning must be verbatim
警告必須一字不漏
The warnings need not be verbatim so long as the substance of the warnings is conveyed.
這些警告不需要逐字宣讀隻要（yào）警（jǐng）告的主要內容告知到位即可。
02
Silence means doing nothing
保持沉默（mò）就是什麽都不做
After receiving Miranda warnings, a detainee has several options: do nothing, waive their Miranda rights, assert the right to remain silent, or assert the right to consult with an attorney.
在收到米蘭達警告後，被拘（jū）留者可以選擇：什麽（me）都不做，放棄其米蘭達權利，主張保持沉默的權利或者（zhě）主張谘詢律師的權利。
If the detainee does not respond at all to Miranda warnings, the court will not presume a waiver, but neither will the court presume that the detainee has asserted a right to remain silent or to consult with an attorney. Therefore, the police may continue to question the detainee. So, the detainee must do something to defend their rights.
如果被拘留者（zhě）不作任何回應，法庭不會推定他放棄，也不會推定他主（zhǔ）張他的權利，警方還（hái）是可以繼續審問的。所以被拘留者必（bì）須做一些事情來捍衛他們的權利（lì）。
If the detainee waives their rights, the waiver must be knowing and voluntary. Invocation of right to remain silent must be explicit, unambiguous, and unequivocal. If the detainee indicates that they wish to remain silent, the police must scrupulously honor their request by not badgering the detainee. If the detainee unambiguously indicates that they wish to speak to counsel, all questioning must cease until counsel has been provided.
如果被拘留者放棄他們（men）的權利，這種（zhǒng）放棄必須是知曉（xiǎo）且自願的。保持沉默的權利申明必須是明確的，毫不含糊的。如果（guǒ）被拘留者申（shēn）明（míng）他（tā）們希望保持沉默，警方必（bì）須謹慎的尊重（chóng）他們的請求，不得（dé）對（duì）其糾纏不止（zhǐ）。如果被拘留者毫不含糊的聲明（míng）他們希望與律師對話，在律師到場前所有審訊（xùn）必須停止。
03
All evidence obtained in violation of Miranda warnings must be inadmissible
違反米蘭達警告取得的所有證據均不得準入
Nontestimonial evidence will not be suppressed if the failure is not purposeful.
未遵從米蘭達（dá）警告並非有意為之，由此獲（huò）得的非言詞證據是可以準入（rù）的。
Statements may be used to impeach the defendant’s trial testimony, but may not be sued as evidence of guilt.
陳述可以被用於質疑被告（gào）人的法庭證詞，但不能用於定（dìng）罪的證據。
If the “question first, warn later” nature of the questioning seemed unplanned and the failure to give Miranda warnings seemed inadvertent. The subsequent valid confession may be admissible.
如果（guǒ）審（shěn）訊“先審問後警告”的性質被認為是意外的並且未給與警（jǐng）告（gào）是無意的，則之後的認罪是可以被準入的。
The Supreme Court has allowed interrogation without Miranda warnings when it was reasonably prompted by a concern for public safety.
基於對合（hé）理的公共安全的考慮，最高院許可不經米蘭達警告的訊問。
作者介紹
延彬彬律師
現為上（shàng）海律（lǜ）宏律師事務所合夥人律師，民革（gé）黨員。先後被評為（wéi）民革上海市委三八紅（hóng）旗手、民革普陀（tuó）區委先進個人，並在第一屆上海律師學術大賽中獲“代理詞評選（xuǎn）”優秀獎，持有證券從業資格證、上海市知識產權（quán）工作者證等。
執業領域：
不良資產處置，企業法律顧問，各（gè）類合同糾紛，勞動人（rén）事糾紛，婚姻家庭糾紛的處理，刑事案件以及行政案件的處理（lǐ），醫（yī）療器（qì）械（xiè）行業法（fǎ）律服（fú）務（wù）等。
執（zhí）業理念（niàn）：
每個人都值得擁有自己（jǐ）的私人律（lǜ）師。
微信:
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